Recent letters have expressed concern that the poor or middle class might be harmed by adoption of the FairTax (www.FairTax.org) based on a deep misunderstanding of both the FairTax and the current system. We cannot assess the effects of the FairTax without comparing it to the reality of our current income and payroll tax system.

One cannot buy a loaf of bread without paying the income taxes of the baker. The price of that loaf of bread contains the cost of the flour, and the income of the baker, but it also contains the taxes the baker pays. After all, the baker does not have a money tree from which to pluck dollars to pay his taxes, he must get those funds from his customers, like any other business.

Further, the price of that loaf of bread contains the taxes of the miller, the farmer, the trucker and the grocer and those of all their employees. Those income and payroll taxes cascade through the production process and eventually make up more of the cost of that loaf of bread than the profits of any of those who worked to produce that bread.

Those many layers of taxes on productive work make up the embedded tax component of the price of bread or any other goods or services we buy. On average, that embedded tax component is 22.4 percent of the price of everything we buy, from a loaf of bread to brain surgery. So, the true tax burden on the working poor is 28.4 percent, (their FICA tax of 7.65 plus plus 22.4 percent of their remaining take-home pay, which goes to pay the embedded taxes hidden in the price of everything they buy).

Even if the poor paid the entire 23 percent FairTax, they would be better off than now, but they don't. The FairTax provides a rebate of all tax paid on spending up to the federal poverty line to everybody. This cancels out all taxes for those living at or below the poverty line, $25,660 a year for a married couple and two children.

For the same family earning twice the poverty line ($51,320), half their taxes are rebated, yielding an effective rate of 11.5 percent. And even at triple the poverty level, $76,980, their effective rate is only 15.3 percent, still far better than the 28.4 percent the poorest of the poor pay now.

So, who loses? The idle rich, illegal aliens, criminals, "off-book" workers and others who escape the current system through evasion or legal loopholes. Tax lawyers and lobbyists who make their livings from the complexity of the current system will also come up short. Foreign goods sold in the U.S. will no longer get a free ride while production of American-made goods and services bear the whole tax burden.

But those of us who work for a living, or who get by on a fixed income, will be far better off.

William Donald Tabor Jr

Tabor, of Chesapeake, is co-state director for FairTax.org in Virginia.